一 | 明年AI芯片需求或将暴涨60%至100%。 Pope Francis’s July 24-29 tour of Canada included a long-overdue apology to Native Canadians for the Catholic Church’s central role in abuses perpetrated at the country’s network of residential schools.,The notorious boarding school system was funded and organized by Canada’s federal government and run by Catholic and Protestant churches. It oversaw the forceful and systematic assimilation, abuse, enslavement and even murder of Native Canadian boys and girls from the mid-19th to late 20th centuries. It was a particularly brutal and cruel, but by no means first or only, tool of oppression experienced by indigenous peoples during the European colonialists’ history in North America.,“I am here because the first step of my penitential pilgrimage among you is that of again asking forgiveness, of telling you once more that I am deeply sorry. Sorry for the ways in which, regrettably, many Christians supported the colonizing mentality of the powers that oppressed the indigenous peoples. I am sorry. I ask for forgiveness, in particular, for the ways in which many members of the Church and of religious communities cooperated, not least through their indifference, in projects of cultural destruction and forced assimilation promoted by the governments of that time, which culminated in the system of residential schools,” Francis said at the former site of the Ermineskin Residential School in Maskwacis, Alberta on July 25.,The pope assured his apology was “only the first step” of “a serious investigation into the facts of what took place in the past and to assist the survivors of the residential schools to experience healing from the traumas they suffered.”,Pope Francis Holds Mass in Quebec During Visit to Canada to Apologize to Indigenous Community28 July, 13:01 GMT,Assimilation,More than 150,000 Native children passed through the residential school system over its 160+ year history. Children were prohibited, often by physical punishment, from speaking their native languages, having their ancestors’ religious concepts replaced with Christianity, and facing their cultural traditions and social norms substituted for those of the colonialists.,The first experimental residential school was opened in Brantford, Ontario, in 1833, but the system only became a federally-mandated, national, industrial-scale tool of subjugation in the 1880s after Sir John A Macdonald, Canada’s first prime minister, ordered the commissioning of a report on the residential school system model being operated in the United States.,The report, entitled ‘Industrial Schools for Indians and Half-Breeds’, became the basis for Canadian state-church cooperation in solving the Indian “problem” by removing indigenous children from the influences passed down to them by their communities and family units.,© WikipediaIndian Residential School, (Fort) Resolution, Northwest TerritoriesIndian Residential School, (Fort) Resolution, Northwest Territories© Wikipedia,Along with forced assimilation, students were subjected to other forms of torment, including sexual abuse by priests and teachers, forced labor, and slavery. As of 2021, the National Center for Truth and Reconciliation has been able to identify 4,117 documented deaths of First Nations, Inuit and Metis children in residential schools. However, new graves continue to be discovered, and former Truth and Reconciliation Commissioner Murray Sinclair estimates that more than 6,000 children may have died in the residential school system over the period of its operation.,In his bombshell 2016 book “Murder by Decree: the Crime of Genocide in Canada,” writer and former United Church of Canada reverend Kevin Annett challenged the NCTR over its conservative estimates on the residential school deaths, detailing the commission’s suppression of eyewitness testimony and archival documentation, and estimating that the true death toll may have run in the tens of thousands. Annett documented how the system included a monthly “death quota” and involved the use of germ warfare, and believes that as many as 50,000 children may have perished in the residential school network.,Exploitation,Residential schools were by no means the first instance of settlers’ mistreatment of Canada’s indigenous population, with Britain’s victory against the French in the North American theater of the Seven Years’ War of 1754-1763 sealing their fate of subjugation and colonial land grabs, as well as the relentless and cynical exploitation of the most loyal tribes.,At the conclusion of the war in 1763, King George III issued a royal proclamation declaring all lands west of the Appalachian Mountains and the colonies of what would ultimately become the early United States as Native territories, outlawing their settlement or purchase by colonialists, and requiring treaty negotiations for any changes to the arrangement. In Canada –organized from the remnants of New France under the name ‘Quebec’, lands to the west and north of the colony were proclaimed Indian territory.,Centuries later, scholars continue to fiercely debate the correct interpretation of the proclamation, and whether it was meant as a permanent guarantee of Native rights to lands beyond the then-existent colonies, or a mere opportunity for colonists to catch their breath before continuing an aggressive push west.,© Photo"The British Governments in Nth America Laid down agreeable to the Proclamation of Octr. 7, 1763," Gentleman’s Magazine (London, 1763)"The British Governments in Nth America Laid down agreeable to the Proclamation of Octr. 7, 1763," Gentleman’s Magazine (London, 1763)© Photo,Even as colonists repeatedly broke the 1763 treaty’s terms throughout the rest of the 18th and 19th centuries through wars of aggression and by taking advantage of divisions within Native tribes through cunning and trickery, many Natives remained loyal to the Crown.,Perhaps nowhere was this better exemplified than in the story of Joseph Brant, an 18th-century Mohawk military and political leader who led his warriors in defense of the British Empire during the American Revolutionary War of 1775-1783, and whose efforts proved decisive in halting an American advance into what is now Canada.,In return for the loyalty shown by Brant and his fellow Mohawks, Quebec Governor Sir Frederick Haldimand promised that after the war, his people would be granted more than 8,090 square km of land around the Grand River Basin in southern Ontario. However, after the war ended in 1783, the settlers would gradually chip away at their commitments, with the Native-administered area now known as the Six Nations Reserve shrinking to just 183 square km of land, two percent of what Brant was originally promised.,Brant’s story was repeated in one form or another throughout the 19th century, and today just 0.36 percent of Canada’s total landmass has reserve status for its Native communities.,© Wikipedia / National Archives of CanadaJoseph Brant, watercolour by William ArmstrongJoseph Brant, watercolour by William Armstrong© Wikipedia / National Archives of Canada,Discrimination,Notwithstanding decades of recognition by successive governments of the historical injustices done to indigenous people, and lip service to improving their social and economic standing, Canada’s community of 1.67 million Natives continues to struggle with a broad spectrum of problems more typically characterizing countries of the so-called Third World than of a thriving, highly developed First World nation.,The Council of Canadians estimates that some 73 percent of First Nations’ water systems are at medium or high risk of contamination, with dozens of indigenous communities still lacking basic access to clean drinking water, despite billions of dollars in aid doled out by Ottawa every year to developing countries, and over a billion dollars in support sent to Kiev this year amid the Ukrainian security crisis.,Along almost every social indicator, from poverty and access to housing to crime, education, and healthcare, Native communities continue to rank below other Canadians. Nowhere is this exemplified better than in average life expectancy. While other Canadian men and women live on average to an age of 79 and 84 years, respectively, among the First Nations, Metis and Inuit, these figures drop to 72.5 for men and 77.7 for women.。 SK集团会长崔泰源近日在记者会上表示，当前存储芯片价格处于“异常高位”。他强调：“即便站在半导体企业自身角度，也必须扩大供给以压低芯片售价。”他补充称，出于扩充产能、应对贸易压力两大核心考量，SK海力士正规划在美国新建半导体工厂。 崔泰源会长指出：“目前存储芯片价格高得反常。AI企业尚可通过自身投资消化成本上涨，但PC、手机厂商只能将芯片涨价成本转嫁至终端产品。这类产品的消费群体以普通消费者为主，终端售价上调空间十分有限。为避免出现‘芯片通胀’——也就是芯片涨价带动整机成本攀升的局面，行业必须增加供给。” 崔泰源警示，芯片价格长期高位运行最终会损害半导体企业的利益。他表示：“即便会压缩利润空间，扩大产能、守住市场、协同发展，才是韩国半导体产业持续发展的核心出路。如果各大厂商不新建产线、任由价格持续走高，市场规模会不断萎缩，同时大量新竞争者必然涌入行业。”他提到，特斯拉首席执行官马斯克等企业高层纷纷入局半导体制造，根源就在于当前行业利润过高。 他同时对大国之间潜在的地缘政治表达担忧：“芯片价格持续暴涨、引发芯片通胀，会衍生一系列地缘矛盾。不能只顾眼前短期利益，要培育市场，实现长期稳定发展。
二 | ” 在强调扩产必要性的同时，崔泰源预判短期芯片价格很难回落。
三 | 他称，明年AI芯片需求或将暴涨60%至100%，但头部厂商的产能增量微乎其微。
四 | AI相关需求已占据半导体整体市场过半份额，整体行业需求涨幅至少可达50%至60%。 崔泰源预计明年芯片供给短缺问题将进一步加剧。
五 | 他说道：“明年没有哪家企业会大规模扩产，行业供需形势严峻，甚至可以说一片混乱。各方都在向我们提出诉求、施压，韩国政府后续也大概率会承受来自海外各方的压力。” 他接着表示：“这也是为什么我们除了在湖南地区布局产线，同时也要考虑赴美建厂，条件允许就必须落地。我们需要兼顾各类贸易摩擦与行业难题，因此正在评估海外建厂方案。
六 | ”崔泰源会长表示：“目前团队正在全球筛选建厂选址，摸排全球所有可行地块，对比各地建厂条件、建设速度与产能规模，择优快速落地新建工厂。” 值得注意的是，SK海力士正在同时开建四个超级工程，一是龙仁半导体集群：600万亿韩元，将龙仁打造为全球AI存储生产基地。
七 | 原定2045年完工的4座工厂，将全部提前12年到2033年完成（首座已提前到2027年5月竣工）。目前，首座工厂已于2025年2月全面动工，主体结构基本建成。 二是清州基地，100万亿韩元。用于新建NAND晶圆厂、引入生产设备、加强HBM后端先进封装能力。
八 | 其中下一代先进封装工厂（P&T7）投资约19万亿韩元，预计2027年底完工。
九 | 三是西南地区新集群，400万亿韩元。在韩国西南部的光州、全罗南道一带建设新的存储前端制程集群，主要做存储芯片前端制程。选址尚未确定，但相关准备工作立即开始。
十 | 四是美国普渡大学园区工厂，2024年动工，投资约38.7亿美元，专注于HBM先进封装，2028年投产。
十一 | 这是SK海力士首次在美国本土建厂，也是它在地缘政治上“靠拢美国”的关键一步。 *声明：本文系原作者创作。
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